Logging trong Python, mức log và xử lý lỗi

import logging

logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.INFO,
    format="%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(name)s %(message)s",
)
logger = logging.getLogger("billing")

logger.debug("cache warmed")
logger.info("invoice created")
logger.warning("payment retry %d of %d", 2, 3)

try:
    total = 100 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    logger.exception("invoice total failed")

2026-11-07 17:21:29,602 INFO billing invoice created
2026-11-07 17:21:29,602 WARNING billing payment retry 2 of 3
2026-11-07 17:21:29,602 ERROR billing invoice total failed
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/srv/app/app.py", line 14, in <module>
    total = 100 / 0
            ~~~~^~~
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

logging.getLogger("billing").setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
logging.getLogger("urllib3").setLevel(logging.WARNING)

import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(levelname)s %(name)s %(message)s")
logger = logging.getLogger("orders")


class OrderError(Exception):
    """The order cannot be processed."""


def parse_quantity(raw):
    try:
        quantity = int(raw)
    except ValueError as error:
        raise OrderError(f"quantity must be a whole number, got {raw!r}") from error
    else:
        logger.info("quantity parsed")
        return quantity
    finally:
        logger.debug("parse attempt finished")


for raw in ["3", "three"]:
    try:
        parse_quantity(raw)
    except OrderError:
        logger.exception("order rejected")

INFO orders quantity parsed
ERROR orders order rejected
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/srv/app/orders.py", line 13, in parse_quantity
    quantity = int(raw)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'three'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/srv/app/orders.py", line 25, in <module>
    parse_quantity(raw)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^
  File "/srv/app/orders.py", line 15, in parse_quantity
    raise OrderError(f"quantity must be a whole number, got {raw!r}") from error
OrderError: quantity must be a whole number, got 'three'

def validate(order):
    errors = []
    if not order.get("email"):
        errors.append(ValueError("email is required"))
    if order.get("quantity", 0) < 1:
        errors.append(ValueError("quantity must be 1 or more"))
    if errors:
        raise ExceptionGroup("order is invalid", errors)


try:
    validate({"quantity": 0})
except* ValueError as group:
    for error in group.exceptions:
        logger.warning("validation failed: %s", error)

WARNING orders validation failed: email is required
WARNING orders validation failed: quantity must be 1 or more

logger.addHandler(LogBrewLoggingHandler(client, level=logging.WARNING))

import os

from logbrew_sdk import HttpTransport, LogBrewClient, install_process_error_capture

client = LogBrewClient.create(
    api_key=os.environ["LOGBREW_SERVER_API_KEY"],
    transport=HttpTransport(),
)
install_process_error_capture(client)

def load_config(path):
    with open(path) as file:
        return file.read()

load_config("missing.toml")

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/srv/app/startup.py", line 15, in <module>
    load_config("missing.toml")
    ~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/srv/app/startup.py", line 12, in load_config
    with open(path) as file:
         ~~~~^^^^^^
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'missing.toml'

logbrew read issues --since 1h --json